Open access
Aug 2026
Decisions Under Deep Uncertainty: A Pythagorean Fuzzy Z-Number Framework for Urban Flood Risk Assessment
Ambiguities are always present in real-world decision-making situations; in the case of floodplain urban growth, the planning process is further complicated by environmental unpredictability, limited data, and experts' subjective opinions. The current study proposes an enhanced multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) fr...
Rani Sumaira Kanwal, S. Qurashi, Nasreen Kausar et al.
· Applied Expert Systems and K... · 0 citations