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Freda Shi

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#artificial intelligence Preprint Jun 2026

A Language Model from 1913: Pretraining on Historical Text

This work constructs TypewriterCorpus, a 54B-token historical corpus with extensive temporal filtering, proposes lexically grounded instruction tuning that constrains all responses to vocabulary from historical source documents, and introduces History-Event, a benchmark of 2,344 events for evaluating both competence an...

Xiaoxi Luo, Zachary Shinnick, Niclas Griesshaber et al. · 4 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Oct 2026

Probe with Participation Trophies: Random-Reward RL as a Probe of LLM Capability

We connect the spurious-reward paradox to a model's reachability and propose random-reward reinforcement learning (RL) as a useful tool for the probing enterprise, addressing a decade-long debate over what probing performance actually reveals about a model. There are two prevailing explanations for the surprising findi...

Yu-Zhu Mao, Lei Yu, Zi-Ning Zhu et al. · 0 citations

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