Identifiability-Aware, Cost-Aware Triage of Physical Faults and Measurement-Integrity Anomalies in Energy Cyber-Physical Systems
Highlights What are the main findings? A strictly alarm-gated, run-disjoint protocol yields conditional physical-feature AUCs of 0.873 on TEP and 0.895 on the wind-farm simulation. A separate benign-sensor-fault stress test preserves process-versus-measurement-integrity ranking but forces matched sensor-fault/attack ca...