Pharmacokinetics of tramadol and O-desmethyltramadol in healthy dogs after a single oral dose of 2 mg/kg.
Tramadol exposure after low oral doses is variable in dogs, and the estimation of the terminal phase can be difficult when late concentrations plateau or rebound. This study characterized tramadol and O-desmethyltramadol (M1) after a single oral dose of 2 mg/kg in 10 healthy female mixed-breed dogs. Plasma was collecte...