Open access
Aug 2026
The hidden energy demand of automated mobility: onboard and offboard systems in urban fleet simulations
This study examines the uncertain energy impacts of automated on-demand transportation, considering not only vehicle propulsion but also the often-overlooked energy use of onboard and offboard systems required for automation, as well as behavioral changes in mobility patterns that introduce additional complexity. To ad...
Gabriel Dadashev, Ada Garus, K. Mattas et al.
· npj Sustainable Mobility and... · 0 citations