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Gabriele Balsamo

1 paper indexed here

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Review Open access Sep 2026

Periodontal and Peri-Implant Status Among Users of Different Inhaled Tobacco and Nicotine Products: A Systematic Review

Background/Objectives: Periodontal and peri-implant diseases are influenced by several risk factors, including smoking. While cigarette smoking (CS) is a well-established risk factor, the impact of heated tobacco products (HTPs), electronic cigarettes (E-Cigs), and waterpipe (WS) remains less clear. This systematic rev...

Maria Pia Di Palo, F. Di Spirito, F. Giordano et al. · 0 citations

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