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Sponsored Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, Global Edition Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, Global Edition

Author

Gaojian Huang

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Open access 2026

Physical Layer Security for STAR-RIS-Assisted NOMA Backscatter Communications Against Multiple Eavesdroppers

Simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (STAR-RIS) have emerged as a transformative technology for achieving omnidirectional coverage in smart radio environments, enabling energy-efficient and spectrally efficient wireless communications. When integrated with ambient backscatter communication (AmBC) and non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), STAR-RIS facilitates the concurrent exploitation of ambient radio frequency signals and spectrum resources, offering significant potential for scalable Internet of Things (IoT) networks. This paper conducts a comprehensive analysis of the physical layer security performance of a STAR-RIS-assisted AmBC system employing NOMA in the presence of multiple eavesdroppers. Specifically, the STAR-RIS serves as an active backscatter device to enhance the backscatter link by mitigating direct link interference, while NOMA optimizes spectrum utilization through power-domain multiplexing. We derive closed-form expressions for critical performance metrics, including outage probability (OP), intercept probability, throughput, and energy efficiency, under realistic channel fading models. Asymptotic analysis of the OP is provided to reveal insights into high signal-to-noise ratio regimes. Furthermore, we investigate the impact of key system parameters. Numerical results validate that the proposed STAR-RIS-assisted AmBC-NOMA framework significantly enhances secrecy performance compared to conventional AmBC systems, demonstrating its robustness against eavesdropping threats and its suitability for secure IoT applications.

Yuhui Zhou, Gaojian Huang, Xingwang Li et al. · 0 citations
2026

Robust Secure Precoding for Wireless Information and Power Transfer in RSMA-Based LEO Satellite Communications

Satellite-terrestrial integrated networks with simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) provide wide-area connectivity and sustainable service support, but they also face serious security challenges due to the broadcast nature of satellite links and the possibility that an energy receiver may act as potential eavesdropper. To address this issue, this paper proposes a secure precoding design for a high-altitude platform (HAP)-assisted rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA) architecture under a quasi-static transmission model. Specifically, a cooperative direct and relay transmission (CDRT) framework is developed, in which the HAP assists the satellite transmission to improve the physical layer security for multi-user SWIPT services. By assuming the energy receiver near the target user as potential eavesdropper, we formulate a sum secrecy rate maximization problem subject to energy harvesting and transmit power constraints. To transform the original nonconvex optimization problem into a tractable convex problem, we employ techniques such as first-order Taylor expansion approximation, rank-one constraint relaxation, successive convex approximation, and semidefinite relaxation. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed CDRT-RSMA scheme significantly outperforms conventional non-orthogonal and time-division multiple access schemes in terms of security performance.

Mengyan Huang, Xingwang Li, Chengjun Jiang et al. · 0 citations