Open access
Aug 2026
Effects of maternal and paternal smoking on offspring cardiometabolic risk factors in adulthood: a multi-method intergenerational Mendelian randomization study
Little evidence that maternal smoking initiation affected WHR is found, and little evidence that maternal smoking heaviness affected the remaining cardiometabolic risk factors; paternal smoking showed no clear effect on any outcome.
G. Power, T. Bond, L. Bhatta et al.
· BMC Medicine · 0 citations