Disturbance-Compensated Trajectory Tracking of Underactuated UUVs Using Surrogate-Assisted Tuned SMO-NMPC
Trajectory tracking is a fundamental capability for underactuated unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs), but it remains challenging due to nonlinear coupled dynamics, unmeasured ocean disturbances, and actuator constraints. Sliding-mode observer (SMO)-compensated nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) can enhance robu...