Surface Inundation Gradients and Lagged Fractional Vegetation Cover Responses of Populus euphratica Oliv. Forests to Ecological Water Conveyance in the Lower Tarim River, China
To quantify the spatial and lagged associations between ecological water conveyance and fractional vegetation cover (FVC) in Populus euphratica Oliv. forests, we integrated Landsat imagery (1995–2025), conveyance records, groundwater observations, and multi-period random forest classifications in the lower Tarim River....