Bayesian full waveform inversion using the shifted ordinary differential equation method with underdamped Langevin Markov chain Monte Carlo
Full waveform inversion (FWI) is a powerful tool for constructing high-resolution subsurface models but remains fundamentally ill-posed due to sparse and noisy data, modeling errors, and the severe nonlinearity of the forward modeling. Because this inherent nonlinearity creates complex uncertainty structures that tra...