Open access
Sep 2026
Auditable and Abstention-Aware Vehicle-Level Evaluation of Vision–Language Model Configurations for Vehicle-Damage Assessment in Intelligent Transportation Maintenance
A paired, auditable protocol for comparing two complete vision–language model configurations at the vehicle level that provides a basis for future matched-task studies of human-in-the-loop maintenance workflows is developed.
Yi-Yang Shao, Li-Na Mao, Gui-Liang Zhou
· Sustainability · 0 citations