The chemical similarity and bioactivity of HAp with the mineral phase of natural bone make HAp-based surface engineering an interesting area for study on enhancing the biological function and interfacial performance of orthopedic implants. This review critically revises the HAp-based composite systems and surface engin...
One of the most studied biomaterials for biomedical applications is hydroxyapatite (HAp), a bioactive ceramic (Ca-P) with structural and compositional similarity to the mineral phase of human bones and teeth. HAp is investigated for various applications, such as bone regeneration, dental implants, tissue engineering, i...