Bioremediation of Remazol Red Dye Using Calcium Carbonate-Immobilized Fungal Strains Aspergillus niger TB1, Cladosporium cladosporioides TB31, and Trametes polyzona TB4.
Large volumes of textile industrial effluent containing toxic synthetic dyes pose severe environmental hazards. However, the operational effectiveness of mineral-associated fungal pellets for dye removal remains insufficiently clarified. This study evaluated the decolorization performance of CaCO3-associated fungal pel...