Valorization of Pangium edule shell waste into high-performance charcoal briquettes using cassava waste starch and pine resin as renewable bio-based binders
The valorization of underutilized forestry residues into renewable solid biofuels offers an opportunity to reduce waste while supporting low-carbon energy transitions. This study investigated Pangium edule shell waste as a feedstock for charcoal briquette production using cassava waste starch and pine resin as a dual r...