H. Jeong

MILOF-TCN: A Hierarchical Edge–Fog Framework for Monitoring Abnormal and Missing Patterns in Electric Vehicle Charging Data

A hierarchical edge-fog anomaly detection framework that integrates lightweight edge-level filtering with a fog-level Temporal Convolutional Network (TCN) detector, which suggests that hierarchical edge intelligence is a practical but calibration-sensitive direction for scalable anomaly monitoring in EV charging infrastructures.