Medium‐Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances Induced by Secondary Gravity Waves Associated With Record‐Breaking Heavy Rainfall in August 2021 Over Kyushu, Japan
This study reconstructs a multistep gravity wave (GW) pathway, from the generation of primary GWs by deep convection in the troposphere to the generation of secondary GWs that drive semi‐concentric medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) in the ionosphere, during the record‐breaking heavy rainfall over...