A Comparative Study of Intrathecal Tramadol–Bupivacaine (Heavy) Versus Fentanyl–Bupivacaine (Heavy) for Spinal Anaesthesia in Lower Abdominal Surgeries: A Prospective Randomised Controlled Trial
Objective: To compare the onset and duration of sensory and motor blockade, postoperative analgesic efficacy, haemodynamic profile, and adverse effect incidence between intrathecal tramadol–bupivacaine (H) and fentanyl–bupivacaine (H) in adults undergoing elective lower abdominal surgery. Methods: A prospective, random...