Evaluating the biorational profile of selected insecticides in Spodoptera littoralis: from nutritional disruption and genotoxicity to in silico risk analysis
Spodoptera littoralis is a highly destructive pest that threatens various economically important crops. This study evaluated the sublethal effects of five insecticides (Chlorantraniliprole, thiacloprid, emamectin benzoate, indoxacarb, and Bacillus thuringiensis) on the nutritional indices and growth of 3rd and 5th inst...