Review
Open access
Oct 2026
From microplastics to nanoplastics: environmental transformation pathways, detection challenges, and health implications
The extensive buildup of plastic waste has become a significant environmental issue, especially due to the conversion of microplastics (MPs) into nanoplastics (NPs). In this review, we address the critical processes that lead to the fragmentation of MPs into NPs, including physical, chemical, and biological degradation...
Nour Alnairat, Safaa B. Hussein, D. Abu-Dalo et al.
· Frontiers in Materials · 0 citations