Smart ports increasingly depend on IoT-enabled digitalization to turn heterogeneous operational processes into measurable, optimizable workflows. Accordingly, this paper first provides a concise review of IoT-enabler technologies for port digital transformation, emphasizing how sensing, connectivity, and data integrati...
Hafiz Majid Hussain, J. Haakana, Mehar Ullah· 0 citations
Battery energy storage systems (BESS) paired with rooftop photovoltaics (PVs) can deliver measurable cost savings under time-of-use (TOU) electricity tariffs; however, the relative performance of model-based and model-free dispatch strategies remains insufficiently benchmarked on full-year, real-world commercial datase...
Hafiz Majid Hussain, Wajiha Samar, L. Klein et al.· 0 citations
CEM is formally defined, distinguish it from rule-based and optimization-based paradigms through structured comparison, and articulate its core architectural layers; one of the most operationally demanding EI node environments in modern infrastructure.
Hafiz Majid Hussain, Wajiha Samer, J. Haakana· 0 citations
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