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Haifa Almotiary

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Open access Aug 2026

Saying “No” Across Cultures: Refusal Strategies of Saudi EFL Learners and American English Speakers

Speech act theory conceptualizes language use as a form of action in which utterances perform communicative functions beyond their propositional content. Within this framework, refusals are defined as negative responses to requests, invitations, offers, and suggestions. Unlike simple acceptances, refusals are interacti...

Haifa Almotiary · 0 citations

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