Postoperative Delirium Following Craniotomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Incidence, Risk Factors, and Clinical Outcomes
Background & Objective: Postoperative delirium (POD) is a frequent neuropsychiatric complication linked to substantial morbidity and mortality after major surgery. Patients undergoing craniotomy may be vulnerable due to direct brain manipulation, perioperative neuroinflammation, and neurological injury; however, the in...