An in-depth examination of bone avascular necrosis and early-stage treatment modalities utilizing regenerative medicine
Femoral head avascular necrosis (AVN) represents a debilitating, progressive pathology characterized by ischemic osteocyte loss, impaired osseous remodeling, and subsequent subchondral fracture, frequently resulting in early osteoarthritis among younger patients. Despite an array of clinical interventions, a gold-stand...