Gut microbiota–host adaptive immune interactions in type 2 diabetes mellitus: mechanisms, disease progression, and microbiota-based therapeutic strategies
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a prevalent metabolic disorder whose development and progression are influenced not only by genetic susceptibility, obesity, and lifestyle-related factors but also by gut microbiota dysbiosis, chronic low-grade inflammation, and disruption of immunometabolic homeostasis. The gut micro...