Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) commonly develops in the context of chronic liver injury, viral hepatitis, metabolic dysfunction, alcohol-related liver disease and cirrhosis. Although immune checkpoint inhibitor-based combination therapies have improved the treatment of unresectable HCC, primary and acquired resistance...
Xiao-Peng Chen, Bao-Ding Li, Hao Chai et al.· Journal of Hepatocellular Ca...· 0 citations
Current research findings on the cellular composition, spatial structure, and regulatory mechanisms of the immunosuppressive microenvironment are summarized and the emerging clinical value of space biomarkers and interaction networks in patient stratification, therapeutic target identification, and precision immunother...
Hao Chai, Lang Wu, Xiaopeng Chen et al.· Frontiers in Immunology· 0 citations
A conceptual framework is proposed in which TK1 is viewed not merely as a proliferation marker but as a potential regulator of the metabolic–immune ecosystem in HCC, which may facilitate the development of novel biomarkers and precision therapeutic strategies for patients with HCC.
Hao Chai, Lang Wu, Ming-Hao Li· Discover Oncology· 0 citations
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