Hao-Hao Xie

Perioperative esketamine-containing strategies and postoperative neurocognitive outcomes in older surgical patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with certainty assessment

Perioperative esketamine may be associated with reduced POD incidence in older surgical patients; however, given heterogeneity in perioperative management and limited certainty of evidence, these findings should be interpreted cautiously and require confirmation in future standardized trials.