Behavioral economic analysis of the reinforcing effects of fentanyl, cocaine, and mixtures of fentanyl and cocaine in rats.
BACKGROUND The co-use of opioids, primarily fentanyl, and stimulants has resulted in substantial increases in fatal multi-drug overdoses, yet few studies have systematically investigated the reinforcing effects of fentanyl + stimulant mixtures. Behavioral economic demand curve analyses can quantify the relative value o...