The TOE-I structure developed here gives policymakers and public sector managers a shared vocabulary for diagnosing where their own agencies stand and where intervention would matter most, and suggests that AI adoption in government is less a technology problem than an organisational and human one.
Muhammad Shafeeq Mohd Sapian, H. Musa, N. Rashid et al.· International journal of res...· 0 citations
It is highlighted that ICT service SMEs prioritize digital solutions that are directly relevant to service delivery, business operations, and cloud-based infrastructure, while physical automation remains less applicable.
Y. Hisham, N. Rashid, S. Al-shami et al.· International journal of res...· 0 citations
The review offers a theoretically grounded UTAUT extension for AI adoption, specifies hypothesized structural paths, and examines sectoral variation in ethical and competency concerns, providing a testable model for future structural equation modelling and practical guidance for trust-centred AI implementation.
Muhammad Shafeeq Mohd Sapian, Haslinda Musa, N. Rashid et al.· International journal of res...· 1 citation
Differences in company size, medium-sized enterprises show more advanced and integrated adoption of IR 4.0 technologies, especially in big data analytics and artificial intelligence, whereas micro enterprises concentrate on basic technologies like cloud computing and cybersecurity.
N. Rashid, Y. Hisham, S. Al-shami et al.· International journal of com...· 0 citations
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