Avoiding the sternum: Perioperative outcomes of hybrid cervical and robotic-assisted thoracoscopic resection versus sternotomy for substernal goiters.
BACKGROUND Substernal goiters occasionally require sternotomy for safe resection. Hybrid cervical and robotic-assisted thoracoscopic surgery offers a less invasive alternative, though it is underutilized in the United States. We report one of the largest United States series comparing hybrid and sternotomy approaches....