Hong-Feng Zhang

Utilitarian Value or Enjoyment Experience? The Formation Mechanism of IELTS Learners’ Continuous Learning Intention in AI-Driven Intelligent Tutoring Systems: Evidence from PLS-SEM, MGA, and ANN

As artificial intelligence becomes increasingly integrated into education, intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs) are emerging as important tools for personalized language learning. However, high learner dropout rates indicate that sustaining continuous intention remains a key challenge. This study examines the mechanisms...