Hong-Liang Jin

PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling at the immune checkpoint interface in lung cancer: molecular mechanisms, Tumor–Immune remodeling, therapeutic resistance, and emerging treatment strategies

Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis have substantially improved the treatment of lung cancer, yet durable responses remain limited by primary and acquired resistance. Increasing evidence identifies the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway as a central link between oncogenic signaling, metabolic adaptation, an...