Review
Open access
Sep 2026
Fibrotic mechanobiological microenvironments drive mechano-immune exclusion and immunotherapy resistance in breast cancer: mechanisms, stratification and therapeutic opportunities.
The clinical benefit of immunotherapy in breast cancer has moved from metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) into earlier-stage high-risk disease, but primary resistance, acquired resistance and non-durable responses remain frequent. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), tu...
Sen-Yang Guo, Feng Yuan, Yi-Min Qin et al.
· International Immunopharmaco... · 0 citations