Review
Open access
Sep 2026
Cardiovascular–kidney–metabolic (CKM) syndrome represents a pathophysiological continuum linking metabolic dysfunction, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and cardiovascular disease (CVD) through shared mechanisms, including insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, mitochondrial impairment, and mal...
Hong-Yan Fan, Chang-Lin Zhai, Chao-Jie He et al.
· Reviews in cardiovascular me... · 0 citations