On-site detection of an emerging fungicide: developing an immunochromatographic assay for thifluzamide through de novo hapten design and synthesis.
Thifluzamide (THF), a novel succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicide, is widely used to control crop diseases; however, excessive residues pose potential risks to human health. To guide hapten design, a detailed analysis of the spatial structures and electrostatic potential distributions of THF and its haptens was c...