Review
Open access
Aug 2026
Resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade: Mechanism and pharmacological strategies
This review synthesizes the current landscape of PD-1/PD-L1-directed ICIs, dissect the molecular and cellular determinants of intrinsic and acquired resistance, and discusses emerging pharmacological strategies to overcome them, including next-generation checkpoint combinations.
A. Kim, Nawon Lee, Hung-Yu Chen et al.
· Pharmacological Research · 0 citations