Techno-Economic Analysis of Repurposing Abandoned Oil Wells for Geothermal Energy Extraction Using Physics-Informed Neural Networks
To achieve net-zero targets by 2050, it is critical to diversify renewable energy. Hydropower, wind, and solar energy dominate; geothermal energy remains underutilized. Conventional Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) rely on hydraulic stimulation, which poses risks such as induced seismicity. To address this, Closed-Loo...