The Gut-Lung Axis in Respiratory Diseases: Mechanisms, Microbiome Dysbiosis, and Therapeutic Implications. A Comprehensive Review.
The gut and lung, though anatomically distinct, are connected through a dynamic, bidirectional communication network known as the gut-lung axis, whereby intestinal microbiota, immune cells, and microbial metabolites regulate pulmonary immunity and homeostasis, while pulmonary perturbations reciprocally alter gut microb...