Dissociation between heart rate reduction and left ventricular filling pressure in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a meta-analysis of ivabradine trials
Background: Heart rate (HR) reduction is commonly proposed to improve diastolic fi lling and reduce left ventricular (LV) fi lling pressure in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Ivabradine selectively lowers HR without direct myocardial effects, providing a mechanistic model to examine whether HR...