Author

Ian G. Barr

2 papers indexed here

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Review Open access Sep 2026

Reassortment of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza as a Driver for Zoonotic Spillover, Asia

Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5Nx viruses remain a major zoonotic threat, yet global attention has focused largely on clade 2.3.4.4b, potentially overlooking major changes within long-endemic H5N1 lineages in Asia. Recent reports from South and Southeast Asia describe the emergence of reassortant clade 2.3.2.1 vir...

A. M. Byrne, Lorcan Carnegie, N. Lewis et al. · Emerging Infectious Diseases · 0 citations

Open access Jul 2026

Epistasis facilitates the long-term antigenic evolution of the influenza B virus hemagglutinin

This study identifies critical similarities and differences with A(H3N2) evolution and demonstrates the role of epistasis in balancing antigenic novelty with viral fitness, and supports the development of genotype-to-phenotype prediction tools, but such predictions need to capture the complex outcomes of epistasis.

Lara S. U. Schwab, Ruo-Peng Xie, Ellie Reilly et al. · bioRxiv · 0 citations