Review
Open access
2026
Retrospective analysis of risk factors predicting operative difficulty and conversion to open surgery in laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Introduction: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) may become technically demanding because of inflammation, adhesions, or altered anatomy. Identifying preoperative risk factors for operative difficulty and conversion to open surgery is important for surgical planning and patient counseling. This study aimed to evaluate t...
Adnan Gündoğdu, Alisar Ghachem, Fırat Demircan et al.
· Laparoscopic Endoscopic Surg... · 0 citations