Microwave-Assisted Transesterification of Waste Cooking Oil Using Modified CaO Catalyst for High-Purity Biodiesel Production
Biodiesel is a renewable alternative fuel capable of partially or fully replacing conventional diesel in compression ignition engines. Waste cooking oil (WCO) represents a sustainable feedstock for biodiesel production; however, its high free fatty acid (FFA) content must be reduced below 1% to prevent emulsion formati...