Combined Docosahexaenoic Acid and Captopril Treatment Attenuates Indole Acetic Acid Induced Cardiovascular Injury in Chronic Kidney Disease
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with the accumulation of protein‐bound uremic toxins (PBUTs), which cause cardiovascular dysfunction via oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis. Indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA), a uremic toxin generated from the gut microbiota, has been identified as a key modulator of cardio...