Predicting, Using, and Assessing ESG Signals: A Tripartite Systematic Review of Machine Learning in Sustainable Finance
A PRISMA-guided systematic review of 127 peer-reviewed studies to examine how machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), Natural Language Processing (NLP), and Explainable AI (XAI) are transforming ESG rating analysis develops a tripartite framework classifying studies by the functional role of the ESG score.