Comparative Evaluation of Mandibular Range of Movements Among Angle’s Malocclusion Classes.
Objective: To compare the mandibular range of movements (maximum mouth opening, right and left lateral excursions, and protrusive movement) among patients with different Angle’s malocclusion classes and to evaluate the association of these movements with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) symptoms such as pain and clicking. Materials and Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on 151 participants (aged 9–27 years) visiting the Orthodontic Department of Dr. Ishrat-ul-Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Karachi. Subjects were categorized into four groups: normal occlusion, Class I, Class II, and Class III malocclusion, based on canine and molar relationships. Mandibular movements were measured using a Billy’s gauge. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata software. The Kruskal-Wallis test and Bonferroni-adjusted post-hoc tests assessed movement differences, while Pearson’s chi-square test evaluated associations between malocclusion and TMJ symptoms. Results: The mean maximum mouth opening (MMO) was 40.16 ± 6.31 mm. Significant differences were found in MMO (p = 0.015), right lateral (p = 0.001), and protrusive movements (p < 0.001) across malocclusion classes. Class II participants showed reduced MMO compared with normal occlusion, while Class I and II exhibited greater right lateral movement. Class III participants had the most limited protrusive movement. TMJ pain and clicking were significantly associated with malocclusion categories (p < 0.001 and p = 0.014, respectively). Conclusion: Malocclusion significantly influences mandibular mobility, with distinct variations observed among Angle’s classes. Class II and III malocclusions are more frequently associated with restricted mandibular movements and TMJ dysfunction symptoms. Early detection and management of occlusal discrepancies may help preserve functional mandibular dynamics and prevent TMJ disorders.