Preprint
Sep 2026
$\mathsf{BQP} \subseteq \mathsf{IP}$ Does Not Relativize
We construct an oracle relative to which $\mathsf{BQP} \not\subseteq \mathsf{IP}$, resolving a long-standing open question in quantum complexity theory. Together with recent work due to Aaronson et al., our work also gives the first oracle separation between $\mathsf{IP}$ and $\mathsf{MIP}$, answering a question dating...
Adam Bouland, Andrew Huang, Anand Natarajan et al.
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