Reversible vs. Irreversible Neuronal Injury in Brain Ischemia: Role of the Mitochondrial-Synaptic Axis.
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury triggers a rapid and self-amplifying cascade of mitochondrial dysfunction, synaptic instability, and neuroinflammation that ultimately determines neuronal survival and functional recovery. Early bioenergetic collapse-driven by mitochondrial depolarization, Reactive oxygen species (ROS)...