Distinguishing early cognitive impairment in older adults with CogniScan: a nine-item composite derived from the Mini-Mental State Examination and Clock Drawing Test
Abstract Aims Identifying cognitive impairment in routine care is essential, yet many brief screening instruments exhibit ceiling or floor effects. To our knowledge, no widely used brief cognitive screening instrument has incorporated the qualitative Clock Drawing Test (CDT) command–copy discrepancy, in which the copie...