Susceptibility of Spodoptera cosmioides to insecticides with different modes of action: implications for integrated pest management
The use of insecticides is essential for managing soybean pests, particularly under high infestation pressure. Spodoptera cosmioides (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), a polyphagous lepidopteran species widely distributed in South America, has increased in abundance in recent years, raising concerns about its economic...