Phytochemical Composition, Biological Potential, and Future Applications of Sargassum Species: A Review
This comprehensive review examines the phytochemical composition and bioactive properties of Sargassum species, with emphasis on extraction methodologies, analytical techniques, and biological activities. The genus Sargassum harbors a diverse array of bioactive compounds, including polyphenols, flavonoids, fucoidans, terpenes, and various secondary metabolites across multiple species. Their potential applications span pharmaceutical, cosmeceutical, and agricultural industries. This review critically evaluates the analytical approaches employed for compound identification and characterization, highlighting the considerable potential of different Sargassum species and their derivatives for the development of novel therapeutic agents with antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and antidiabetic activities. Current challenges and future research directions are discussed to facilitate the commercialization of these marine resources.